The Price of Cocktails Is Even Higher Than You Think

​The subject of drinking alcohol stirs up passion in many people: They either love it or they’ve sworn off of it, while many simply enjoy the occasional happy hour to socialize and unwind. But what does an excessive amount of alcohol actually do to your body?

It’s important to note the effects of alcohol vary from person to person. Many people associate modest amounts of alcohol with confidence and a warm, buzz feeling. But the short-term effects of overindulgence may include drowsiness, slurring of speech, poor coordination, nausea, vomiting, speech impairment, lack of judgment, blackouts, and possible emotional changes along with a painful morning-after hangover. And the truth is, most people have experienced at least some of these effects at some point, because it’s easy to lose track of how much we drink and how quickly—crossing the line from a moderate, normal amount to an excessive, unhealthy amount.

Casual Consumption vs. Abuse
Of course, it’s perfectly okay to enjoy a drink every now and then, but it’s important to be mindful of how much you consume in a given week and how much you consume in one sitting. More than five standard alcoholic beverages in one session is considered binge drinking, and more than nine per week is also considered abuse.1-2 So what exactly are the long-term effects of chronic alcohol abuse? While excessive consumption is harmful to anyone—often with severe side effects—chronic alcohol abuse affects each person differently.

Most immediately, alcohol impairs the connections between the central nervous system, brain, and body. The brain is the control center of the body, and it is arguably the most important organ we have. Not only does alcohol impair brain functioning, it can actually cause brain damage,3 and over many years, it can actually shrink the brain.4 Cognitive impairment, behavior changes, and hallucinations are also common, along with blackouts, slurred speech, and numbness and tingling in the extremities. Over time, alcohol abuse can damage the central nervous system. Common signs of central nervous system degradation include muscle cramping and poor coordination.

And the negative effects do not stop there. Other areas include:

• Liver: Alcohol abuse stresses the liver, the filtration system of the body. Over time, damage occurs in the form of cancer, cirrhosis, and various other diseases.5,6
• Pancreas: The harmful effects of alcohol can result in pancreatitis, inflammation of the pancreas.5,6
• Stomach: The pancreas and stomach play an important role in digestion, and alcohol abuse can cause the stomach to produce more acid than usual. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea also may occur—leading to malnutrition.7
• Heart: Alcohol can disrupt the signals sent to and from the heart,7 which in turn can disrupt the heartbeat and the pace of the heart. The risks for hypertension (high blood pressure) and cardiovascular disease are greatly increased with alcohol abuse,7 as well as risks for ischemic (restricted supply of blood to tissue) heart disease and ischemic stroke.8,9
• Sexual function: This can be affected by alcohol abuse as early as birth if a mother is consuming alcohol regularly during pregnancy, which poses a higher risk for birth defects.10 Sexual dysfunction, lack of sexual drive, and infertility are also common in people who abuse alcohol.
• Other: Along with the disruption of a variety of body systems and organs, too much alcohol can also cause cancer—specifically that of the mouth, throat, esophagus, breasts, and liver. Because over consumption may lead to a weakened immune system—even in social drinkers—it can perpetuate cancers, cause fatigue, and increase susceptibility to diseases and infections.

The good news? Studies have shown that one glass of red wine per day for women and two per day for men can be cardio protective. 11 But again, anything more than the recommended amount might be problematic.

Always Drink Responsibly
Over consumption on a regular basis can cause the body to become dependent on alcohol. For those who are genetically prone to addiction (i.e., an addictive personality), it can be especially challenging to monitor drinking habits. Either way, dependency makes quitting even harder. That’s why it’s important for even social drinkers to realize the effects alcohol has on the body, so when they choose to drink, they may be more inclined to do so responsibly.
Before indulging in a drink or two, it’s important to be cognizant of the detrimental influence alcohol can have on our bodies—which extends far beyond impaired motor skills. If you or someone you know may be suffering from alcohol abuse, seek help as soon as possible.
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References:

1. Wallace C, Black DJ, Fothergill A. Integrated assessment of older adults who misuse alcohol. Nursing Standard. 2010;24(33):51-58.
2. Courtney KE, Polich J. Binge drinking in young adults: Data, definitions, and determinants. Psychological Bulletin. 2009;135(1):142-56.
3. Harper C. The neuropathology of alcohol-related brain damage. Alcohol & Alcoholism. 2009:136-140.
4. Le Berre AP et al. Impaired decision-making and brain shrinkage in alcoholism. Eur Psyc. 2014;29(3):125-133.
5. Warren KR et al. Alcoholic liver disease and pancreatitis: Global health problems being addressed by the US National Institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism. J Gast Hep. 2013;28(S1):4-6.
6. Roerecke M et al. The cardioprotective association of average alcohol consumption and ischaemic heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction. 2012;107(7):1246-60.
7. Shield KD et al. Chronic diseases and conditions related to alcohol use. Alcohol Res. 2014;35(2):155-171.
8. Taylor B et al. Alcohol and hypertension: gender differences in dose-response relationships determined through systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction. 2009;104(2):1981-90.
9. Williams JF et al. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Amer Acad Peds clinical report. 2015;106(2):358.
10. Rocco A et al. Alcoholic disease: liver and beyond. World J Gast. 2014;20(40):14652-14659.
11. O’Keefe JH et al. Alcohol and cardiovascular health: the dose makes the poison…or the remedy. Mayo Clin Proc. 2014;89(3):382-93.

Submitted by the Metagenics Marketing Team

​Whether its an experiment or doctor’s orders, going gluten-free is an adjustment. Removing gluten may mean eliminating not only some of your favorite foods, but possibly a good portion of your current diet. What foods will you eat in their place? How will you fill the gluten void?

Most likely, there’s no lack of “gluten-free” versions of your favorite foods on your grocer’s shelves. In fact, the number of gluten-free packaged foods is exploding to keep up with consumer demand. Going gluten-free may be as easy as buying and opening a different box—or bag or carton.

But are gluten-free packaged foods the answer? Possibly not. In fact, they may be the surprising reason behind many go-gluten-free resolutions. Here’s why.
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• Cost: Gluten-free packaged goods cost more than their conventional counterparts, sometimes up to 30% more. The added cost of a gluten-free version may be worth it when trying to marry compliance and your favorite meal or for a special occasion. But buying gluten-free products by default could strain your wallet. Compare prices and buyer beware!
• Calories: Gluten proteins provide the satisfying texture of so many foods, making baked goods bounce and giving pasta its chewiness. Therefore, when a gluten-containing food is manufactured as a gluten-free version, something needs to be added to create a palatable and flavorful product. Most often gluten-free versions will have added saturated fat, sugar, and sodium. So it is not uncommon to gain weight on a gluten-free diet, which relies on gluten-free packaged foods. “Gluten-free” doesn’t mean a product is low-calorie. So be sure to read the nutrition facts, or gluten-free products may strain your belt and blood pressure as well.
• More (not less) processed: Most people go gluten-free for health reasons. But many gluten-free processed foods are actually more processed and less nutrient-dense than their gluten-containing counterparts. Without gluten for elasticity and chewiness, these products often rely on gums, starches, and stabilizers. Always read labels.
• Your gut might not like it: It is not uncommon for individuals to experience gastrointestinal distress from gluten-free foods. The gums, starches, stabilizers, and many gluten-free alternate flours can cause bloating and other digestive issues. If your gut isn’t happy, reevaluate.
• Is it really gluten-free? The Food and Drug Administration requires that products labeled “gluten-free” contain less than 20 parts per million of gluten. However, be cautious of labels stating “low gluten,” “no gluten,” and “naturally gluten-free,” as these terms are not regulated.

There’s a better way. Don’t just swap out one package for another. Relying on gluten-free packaged foods can be taxing on your budget, blood pressure, waistline, and digestion. Rather, consider this an ideal time to shift your diet away from processed foods and toward more whole foods. Instead, give your diet a bona fide upgrade. 

​Reference:
Financial Times, Going gluten free: one of 3 trends shaking up commodities https://www.ft.com/content/5348432e-1a13-11e7-bcac-6d03d067f81f, Accessed December 9, 2017.

​By Noelle Patno, PhD
When you get “the runs,” you need to know what is actually causing the excess stool and how to control it. Diarrhea (“flow through” from the Greek), by definition, is frequent loose stools of small to moderate volume typically during waking hours, in the morning or after meals.1 Often there is a feeling of extreme urgency along with the sense of incomplete evacuation. If diarrhea is accompanied by blood or grease or is of large volume, this is cause for extra concern, and you should consult your doctor as soon as possible. Diarrhea may be due to multiple causes such as dysbiosis or alteration of the intestinal microbiota which lead to changes in the usual bacterial composition.

The ABCs and more of diarrhea causes

1. Antibiotics. Disrupting the ecosystem of the intestinal microbiota by antibiotics often leads to frequent, loose stools (antibiotic associated diarrhea or AAD). This disruption often allows undesirable pathogenic bacteria to bloom; sometimes the pathogen Clostridium difficile may increase to levels that lead to Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD).1
2. Bacterial infections/travellers’ diarrhea. These may occur with travel and consumption of contaminated water. Persistent intestinal infections by pathogenic bacteria or viruses (for example, Clostridium difficile, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas, Campylobacter, Giardia, Amebae, Cryptosporidium, and Cyclospora)1 may be associated with chronic diarrhea. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) is a typical pathogen and may be treated by antibiotics.2 However, the emergence of antibiotic resistance has made the use of antibiotics more difficult, and their use in certain conditions is being re-evaluated.3
3. Colitis. One of the types of inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, is observed endoscopically as red, swollen, and inflamed tissue in the intestine, and even in mild cases, patients may experience about four loose stools a day.1 Moderate and more severe cases may include blood in the stool. Diarrhea with colitis should be managed by a healthcare practitioner.
4. Drugs and supplements. Check medication labels that may list diarrhea as a potential side effect and talk to your doctor about whether any of your medications may cause diarrhea. Excessive intake of laxatives designed to relieve constipation or supplements, such as magnesium glycinate or magnesium citrate, may cause diarrhea.
5. Dietary influences on electrolytes. Magnesium promotes smooth muscle relaxation, while calcium promotes its contraction.4 An imbalance of the foods containing these minerals may affect proper intestinal functioning.
6. Dietary lubricants. Okra, flaxseed, oat, kelp, cactus, natto, toasted sesame oil, olive oil, acacia, and chia seeds encourage the “flow through” or “internal transit,”4 which may otherwise be beneficial for constipated individuals. If, for any reason, these compounds are excessively high in the diet, consult your supervising practitioner on how to balance salts and other foods to mitigate diarrhea.
7. Malabsorption (associated with Crohn’s disease [CD], celiac, and others). Nutrients may not be absorbed well due to intrinsic or acquired problems in the transportation systems in the small intestine. Those who have CD or celiac or have had surgery on their intestines may experience problems with absorption of nutrients. Malabsorption may manifest as fatty diarrhea, which is greasy and foul smelling with unabsorbed fat, as found in chronic pancreatitis. Increased dietary intake of sorbitol (sugar alcohol used as a sugar substitute found in gums or sugar free foods and candies) and lactose may lead to diarrhea in lactose-intolerant patients. Bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine (SIBO) may also be associated with malabsorption. If you have, or think you may have, any of these conditions, consult your doctor. 1
8. Other factors. Your doctor may examine other factors such as your your food intake, allergies and lifestyle history, family history, and any concurrent markers or symptoms (stress and depression, fevers/joint pains, inflammatory markers of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]) that could be related to, or suggest, other causes contributing to diarrhea. Stool testing for fecal calprotectin, a zinc and calcium binding protein from immune cells, may help indicate whether the diarrhea is due to inflammatory causes.1

​Chronic diarrhea is a decrease in fecal consistency lasting for four or more weeks, which requires further investigation by medical personnel. If you have any concerns related to diarrhea, you should discuss them with your healthcare practitioner.


References:

1. Bonis P. Approach to the adult with chronic diarrhea in resource-rich settings. Rutgeerts P and Grover S. uptodate.com. Topic last updated June 5, 2017. Accessed July 23, 2018.
2. Friedman G. Probiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disease. In: Integrative Gastroenterology. Mullin G. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc; 2011.
3. Taylor DN et al. Medications for the prevention and treatment of travellers’ diarrhea. J Travel Med. 2017;24(suppl_1):S17-S22.
4. Koff A. Nutrition Strategies for the Treatment of IBS and the Prevention of Digestive Complaints. In: Integrative Gastroenterology. Mullin G. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc; 2011.

Urological health is vital to every man’s well being. Learn what urologists do and when to see one.When was the last time you scheduled an appointment with a urologist?

Urology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the health of the urinary-tract system, in addition to male reproductive health. While consulting a doctor who specializes in these areas may make you uneasy or uncomfortable, it shouldn’t.

You see, urological health is vital to your well being. And your urologist is meant to be a healthcare partner who looks out for your best interests in those areas of your body.

What do urologists examine?
Urologists are trained to examine, manage, and treat the urinary tract and male reproductive system. As the name indicates, the urinary system, (also known as the renal system or urinary tract) eliminates urine, controls electrolytes, and regulates blood pressure and blood pH. It consists of the following organs:1

• Adrenal glands: glands that release hormones, located on top of the kidneys

• Bladder: the muscular, hollow sac in the pelvis that stores urine

• Kidneys: organs that filter and remove waste from the blood and subsequently produce urine

• Ureters: tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

• Urethra: a tube where urine exits the body from the bladder

Urologists treat symptoms involving these organs as well as those involving the male reproductive system: the penis, prostate, and  testicles. The areas they often focus on include:2

• Enlarged prostate: An enlarged prostate isn’t completely out of the ordinary as men get older, but that doesn’t mean it’s comfortable. An enlarged prostate can lead to blocked urine flow, increased frequency of urination (especially at night), difficulty starting urination or a weak flow, or inability to completely empty the bladder. To address these issues, a urologist might examine the prostate and offer prescriptions to relieve symptoms. Minimally invasive procedures or surgery can be performed if needed.3

• Prostate cancer screening: Men should talk to a urologist about the benefits of routine prostate screenings. Just having one prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test in your 40s can help predict your overall risk of prostate cancer, as well as determine the course of action your urologist might take moving forward. If your PSA is 0.7 or lower, your risk of prostate cancer is at less than 10%, and you may only need to be screened every five years.2 Conversely, men with a PSA of 1 or higher require more frequent screening.2

• Erectile dysfunction: While the cause of erectile dysfunction isn’t always physical, a urologist can perform a blood test, check your hormones, and usually prescribe a solution that will increase blood flow to the penis. Since the condition could be a sign of  other health problems, your urologist may take this opportunity to also assess any potential risks for hypertension, renal failure, and/or vascular conditions.4

• Vasectomy: This safe, voluntary outpatient procedure is ideal for men who no longer wish to conceive children. Before scheduling a vasectomy, men should consult with their urologist for more information and understand the pros and cons. The practitioner can offer insights into the procedure and  help the patient make an informed decision.

These are just a few of the more common reasons patients may be seen by urologists.  

Why see a urologist?
Urologists may be able to recommend preventative measures to encourage good urological health, uncover (or resolve) male reproductive issues, and treat urinary infections or illnesses.4 Whether you’re facing a minor issue or a chronic health problem, you’ll want to know exactly what’s going on in that area of your body—and a urologist can help keep you healthy.

While some people might associate urology with pain, this is more of a stereotype than a reality. During most invasive procedures, men can expect an anesthetic to numb the affected area. Admittedly, patients might feel pressure or movement from time to time, but they shouldn’t experience pain or significant discomfort.

Early detection for any illness is crucial, so don’t let your worries take over common sense. Men in their 40s and 50s—if they aren’t already doing so—should start seeing their urologist regularly to stay on top of their urological health.

This content is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Individuals should always consult with their healthcare professional for advice on medical issues.
​
References:

1. Healthline Staff (n.d.). Faces of Healthcare: What Is a Urologist? Healthline. Accessed December 21, 2018.
2. Klein E. Men Over 40: Start Seeing a Urologist Regularly. Cleveland Clinic. 2013. Accessed December 21, 2018.
3. National Association for Continence. https://www.nafc.org/enlarged-prostate/. Accessed January 17, 2019.
4. Park H. The World Journal of Men’s Health. 2017;35(2):57-58.

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​Submitted by the Metagenics Marketing Team