by Ashley Jordan Ferira, PhD, RDN
Vitamin D is essential- it helps absorb calcium, supports nervous and muscle tissue, and the immune system. Compared to normal-weight counterparts, vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent in those with obesity. In the US over one-third of adults meet obesity criteria.1 A study in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism2 examined cellular mechanisms of vitamin D trafficking in metabolically dysfunctional adipose tissue as compared to normal adipocytes in conjunction with a vitamin D supplementation intervention in a randomized, controlled trial. Ninety-seven male subjects completed the vitamin D intervention study. Fifty-four normal-weight and 67 obese males were initially randomized to receive either 50 mcg/week of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 [25(OH)D3] (2,000 IU/week equivalent) or 150 mcg/week of vitamin D3 (6,000 IU/week equivalent) for one year. Vitamin D sufficiency was defined as a 25(OH)D blood level > 20 ng/ml. This serum concentration is aligned with the National Academy of Medicine’s cutoff for vitamin D sufficiency.3 Vitamin D uptake, conversion and release were investigated in control (non-insulin-resistant) and insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes, as well as in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) samples from lean and obese participants. The release of vitamin D and its metabolites were induced with the addition of adrenaline. Expression of the vitamin D receptor and vitamin D conversion enzymes, 25-hyroxylase and 1α-hydroxylase, was also examined. The research team elucidated key differences in cellular vitamin D trafficking effects and supplementation effects:
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